Peptide profiles
Each page shows what human evidence exists, what regulators have said, which sources are cited, and where route, dose, or product-quality claims need caution.
Semaglutide
The active ingredient behind Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus, useful for separating product-specific label evidence from compounded or research-use claims.
Tirzepatide
The active ingredient in Mounjaro and Zepbound, with strong product-specific evidence for type 2 diabetes, chronic weight management, and OSA in adults with obesity.
Retatrutide
An investigational once-weekly triple agonist peptide with strong human weight-loss and glycemic-control signals, unresolved approval status, and high gray-market product-quality risk.
Cagrilintide
An investigational long-acting amylin analogue with controlled human weight-management evidence and clear FDA limits around compounding and online product claims.
CagriSema
Novo Nordisk's investigational cagrilintide-plus-semaglutide program, with phase 3 human weight-management evidence and separate risks for compounded or online combinations.
Cartalax
A cartilage-oriented tripeptide where preclinical chondrocyte support, weak legacy symptom reports, and product-identity drift need to be kept separate.
BPC-157
A heavily promoted repair and gut peptide where human evidence is still limited to a few narrow sources and FDA-flagged compounding concerns.
KPV
A short alpha-MSH-derived peptide motif with preclinical gut-inflammation, delivery, and antimicrobial literature, but no direct human KPV efficacy evidence found.
GHK-Cu
A copper-binding tripeptide with route-specific topical skin and wound evidence, plus much weaker systemic, hair, blend, and injectable claim areas.
TB-500
A recovery-focused peptide name where the first question is whether the source means the TB-500 fragment, full-length thymosin beta-4, or a market vial.
Thymosin beta-4
A full-length thymosin beta-4 topic with human ophthalmic, wound, and registry context that must stay separate from TB-500 fragment claims.
LL-37
LL-37 has host-defense biology, narrow human chronic-wound evidence, and prominent FDA compounding-risk concerns.
MOTS-c
A mitochondrial-derived peptide with human biomarker and association data, preclinical metabolic mechanism work, and no posted intervention results yet.
Semax
A neuropeptide analog discussed for stroke, optic nerve disease, focus, mood, stress, and route choice, with mostly intranasal CNS-oriented published evidence and a weaker subcutaneous route narrative from clinic and anecdotal contexts.
Adamax
A Semax-family designer peptide marketed as the longer-Semax option, with far less direct evidence than the online nootropic pitch suggests.
Pinealon
A short EDR tripeptide discussed for neuroprotection, cognition, and sleep-adjacent claims, with support still concentrated in reviews, preclinical work, and unresolved source questions.
Epitalon
A short AEDG tetrapeptide discussed in circadian, melatonin, telomere, retina, and longevity contexts, where public claims often exceed direct clinical evidence.
DSIP
A sleep-associated nonapeptide with older human insomnia studies, unresolved biology, and modern emideltide/DSIP claims that need careful source-by-source reading.
Thymosin alpha-1
An immunomodulatory thymalfasin peptide with older chronic-hepatitis-B evidence, non-U.S. Zadaxin labeling, mixed sepsis and COVID literature, and broad clinic or gray-market immune-support marketing.
SS-31 / Elamipretide
A cardiolipin-targeting tetrapeptide with FDA accelerated approval under the Forzinity brand for a narrow Barth syndrome indication, plus mixed or negative non-Barth development areas.
ARA-290
An investigational erythropoietin-derived peptide studied mainly in sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy and in an early type 2 diabetes neuropathy setting.
GHK-Cu + KPV Blend
A marketed skin and inflammation blend built from two different source areas: topical GHK-Cu skin data and preclinical KPV barrier biology.
Wolverine Blend
A BPC-157 plus TB-500 blend marketed for repair and recovery, with evidence drawn from component and market sources rather than a fixed commercial blend trial.
Glutathione
An endogenous tripeptide explainer that separates glutathione biology from supplement, cosmetic, oncology-adjunct, clinic IV, and sterile-product claims.
Tesamorelin
An FDA-approved growth hormone-releasing factor analog with narrow human evidence for reducing excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Sermorelin
A 29-amino-acid GHRH fragment with historical Geref product context in pediatric growth-hormone deficiency and pituitary growth-hormone reserve evaluation.
CJC-1295 DAC
A DAC-linked GHRH analog with healthy-adult GH and IGF-1 pharmacology studies, a terminated HIV visceral-obesity registry context, and no FDA-approved drug product.
CJC-1295 no DAC
A non-DAC CJC-1295 / Modified GRF identity summary, kept separate from DAC-specific CJC-1295 evidence.
Ipamorelin
An investigational growth hormone secretagogue with narrow human pharmacology evidence, postoperative-ileus registry context, and direct FDA compounding-policy caution.
Kisspeptin-10
A 10-amino-acid kisspeptin research peptide with small human reproductive-endocrinology physiology studies and completed ClinicalTrials.gov development records, but no approved routine-use labeling.
Gonadorelin
A synthetic GnRH decapeptide with historical Lutrepulse human approval and specialist endocrine research context, while current U.S. DailyMed label visibility is veterinary rather than routine human-use labeling.
Setmelanotide
An FDA-approved cyclic peptide MC4 receptor agonist for narrow rare-obesity contexts tied to acquired hypothalamic obesity, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency.
Afamelanotide
An FDA-approved MC1 receptor agonist product for increasing pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria and a history of phototoxic reactions.
Melanotan-1
A melanocortin alias term tied to regulated afamelanotide / Scenesse evidence, separate from tanning-peptide market claims.
Melanotan-2
An unapproved synthetic cyclic alpha-MSH analog most often discussed around tanning, libido, appetite, and online peptide products, where the clearest evidence points to regulatory and product-quality risk rather than dependable benefit.
PT-141
A cyclic melanocortin receptor agonist with an FDA-approved bremelanotide product context for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women.
Desmopressin
A synthetic vasopressin analog with approved product contexts for antidiuretic replacement in central diabetes insipidus and product-specific nocturnal-polyuria treatment.
Oxytocin
A synthetic nonapeptide with approved Pitocin obstetric-medicine labeling and different source support around intranasal neuro-social claims.
Vasopressin
A synthetic arginine vasopressin product approved for inpatient pressor support in adults with vasodilatory shock who remain hypotensive despite fluids and catecholamines.
Bacteriostatic water
A peptide-adjacent reference for BAC water: sterile preserved water that explains reconstitution volume, concentration math, and quality checks around lyophilized peptide vials.
L-Carnitine
Levocarnitine is a peptide-adjacent clinic-market term. Official medical labeling is a better anchor than performance or wellness protocols.
Methylene Blue
Methylene blue is a redox-active drug that also appears in nootropic, mitochondrial, and longevity-market discussions. The official acquired-methemoglobinemia label is the clearest medical reference point.
NAD+
A peptide-adjacent coenzyme reference that separates NAD+ cell biology from clinic, infusion, oral, nasal, and product-quality claims.
DMSO
A DMSO reference that separates the official RIMSO-50 bladder-irrigant label from broader peptide-adjacent solvent, carrier, topical, and clinic-market claims.
AOD-9604
AOD-9604 is a modified growth-hormone fragment developed as an anti-obesity drug and abandoned after trials failed to show meaningful weight loss. It remains widely marketed for fat loss, where the evidence does not support the claims.
HGH Fragment 176-191
HGH Fragment 176-191 is the unmodified C-terminal fragment of growth hormone, discussed for fat loss. Unlike its derivative AOD-9604, it has no human clinical literature to speak of, and community use rests on animal and mechanistic reasoning.
CJC-1295 no DAC + Ipamorelin
CJC-1295 no DAC plus ipamorelin is the most common growth-hormone secretagogue stack, sold as a fixed blend. The component molecules have separate, limited human pharmacology; the combination itself has no controlled human evidence.
Sermorelin + Ipamorelin
Sermorelin plus ipamorelin is a clinic-formulated growth-hormone combination used in anti-aging programs. The components are individually discussed elsewhere; the blend has no controlled human evidence of its own.
GHRP-2
GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) is a growth-hormone secretagogue with real human physiology literature and approval in Japan as a diagnostic agent. Broader muscle, recovery, and anti-aging claims are extrapolations from its hormone effect.
GHRP-6
GHRP-6 is an older synthetic secretagogue that reliably raises growth hormone in human challenge studies. Outcome data for muscle, fat loss, recovery, or anti-aging do not exist, and it carries the class's cortisol and appetite spillover.
Hexarelin
Hexarelin is the most potent common GHRP-class secretagogue, with human endocrine challenge literature but no outcome trials. Community use is limited by desensitization concerns and the class's strongest cortisol and prolactin spillover.
IGF-1 LR3
IGF-1 LR3 is a long-acting modified IGF-1 analog sold for muscle growth. The modification that makes it popular has no human clinical literature, and the pharmacology carries real hypoglycemia risk.
IGF-1 DES
IGF-1 DES is a shortened, more potent IGF-1 variant discussed for localized muscle growth. It shares the same absence of human evidence and the same hypoglycemia mechanism risk as IGF-1 LR3.
Selank
Selank is a Russian-developed intranasal anxiolytic peptide with small domestic trials behind it. Outside that literature, controlled evidence is sparse and vendor-modified analogs muddy the category.
N-Acetyl Selank Amidate
N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a vendor-modified selank analog marketed as longer-acting. It has no published human literature; everything claimed for it is extrapolated from plain selank.
N-Acetyl Semax Amidate
N-Acetyl Semax Amidate is a vendor-modified semax analog marketed as longer-acting. Nothing published exists for the analog itself; every claim is borrowed from plain semax.
VIP
VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is an endogenous peptide with human trial history as aviptadil in lung and inflammatory indications. Its clinic use in mold-illness (CIRS) protocols is a separate, unproven practice with real hypotension risk.
P21
P21 is a ciliary-neurotrophic-factor-derived peptide with animal cognition literature only. There is no meaningful human evidence and no consistent community protocol.
KLOW Blend
KLOW is a vendor blend name, typically combining GHK-Cu and KPV with recovery peptides such as BPC-157. Composition varies by seller, and no component combination has controlled human evidence.
Thymalin
Thymalin is a thymus-extract peptide mixture with Soviet-era drug registration and gerontology literature behind it. Modern controlled evidence is lacking, and products outside that lineage are unverified.
Thymogen
Thymogen is a short thymic peptide registered as a nasal immune drug in Russia. Its evidence base is domestic and old; outside that context it is unstudied.
Livagen
Livagen is a Khavinson-lineage liver bioregulator peptide. The support is the lineage's own publications plus animal and cell work; nothing controlled in people.
Vesugen
Vesugen is a Khavinson-lineage vascular bioregulator peptide. Human material is two old, abstract-level Russian vascular reports; everything else is the lineage's cell and animal work.
Ovagen
Ovagen is a Khavinson-lineage bioregulator peptide marketed around liver and GI claims. The only human-adjacent material is a patent example; the rest is preclinical kidney work.
Chonluten
Chonluten is a Khavinson-lineage lung bioregulator peptide. Direct evidence is cell and animal work; the human respiratory claims come from secondary reviews and product pages.
Bronchogen
Bronchogen is a Khavinson-lineage respiratory bioregulator peptide. Support stops at preclinical lung biology and supplement-label material; no controlled human lung trial exists.
Pancragen
Pancragen is a Khavinson-lineage pancreatic bioregulator peptide. There is one early, unreplicated glucose signal in the lineage's reports and no modern controlled trial.
Follistatin-344
Follistatin-344 is a myostatin-binding protein isoform discussed for muscle growth. Animal myostatin-pathway data are real, but there are no human trials of injected follistatin for physique purposes.
Follistatin-315
Follistatin-315 is the other commonly sold follistatin isoform, treated in community discussion as near-interchangeable with follistatin-344 despite the distinction. Human evidence is absent for both.
ACE-031
ACE-031 is a soluble activin receptor that reached human trials for muscular dystrophy before development stopped after vascular adverse events. It remains a cautionary example of mechanism-first muscle claims.
Myostatin propeptide
Myostatin propeptide is the natural inhibitor fragment of myostatin, discussed for muscle growth with cell and animal literature only.
SHLP2
SHLP2 is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with early cell and rodent metabolic literature. It has no human data and no real-world use culture to speak of.
Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived peptide mixture used as a drug in some countries for stroke and dementia. It has many human trials, but the evidence base is contested and largely manufacturer-linked.
Gut Inflammation Blend
Gut-inflammation blends are vendor combinations, typically BPC-157 and KPV with or without TB-500, marketed for digestive claims. No blended product has controlled human evidence.